Developing Technologies in the TV and Film Industries

3D television
3D television (3DTV) is a television set that employs techniques of 3D presentation, such as stereoscopic capture, multi-view capture, or 2D-plus-depth, and a 3D display – a special viewing device to project a television program into a realistic three-dimensional field.


There are two ways to watch 3DTV you can watch it wearing 3D glasses or the more modern way where you don't needs them.


3DTV has been around for about a year now and its still not took off there has been small break throws with sports in 3D like 3D football, and 3D darts but that's about it. 3D is good but its not worth the money.  

http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/3d-tv.htm





Satellite television
satellite television is where you have a satellite dish that is put up on the outside of your house that receives signals from a satellite that is out in space, the signals are then sent to you box where all your channels are sorted.
satellite tv is amazing but it does have its problems, like sometime the signals can get interrupted by things like bad weather, or even by other signals. One good thing is that you can receive satellite tv anywhere.


This diagram shows how signals are sent up to the satellite in space and back down to your dish at home.
















for more information on how satellite tv works go on the link or watch the video.
http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/satellite-tv.htm
  



Cable television
Cable television is just the same as satellite the only difference being cable television sends its signals threw fibre optic cables under ground which sometimes means you get a better pictures and is more reliable.
The only bad thing is not everyone can have cable as its only available in certain places.
for more information go on the link
http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/cable-tv.htm


Analog Television
Analog television is the analog transmission that involves the broadcasting of encoded analog audio and analog video signal one in which the message conveyed by the broadcast signal is a function of deliberate variations in the amplitude and/or frequency of the signal


Digital Television
Digital television (DTV) is the transmission of audio and video by digital signals, in contrast to the analog signals used by analog TV. Digital tv has a better picture, its more interactive and you can listen to digital radio
For more information go o n the link.
http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/tv15.htm


Interactive television.
Interactive television allows you to have more control of your tv, it allows you to pause, stop, rewind and record television. interactive television also allows you to play games, read emails and also buy movies.
sky Active seems to be one of the best when t comes down to interavtice television, it can be accessed by pressing the read button or going on the EPG.



High Definition
High-definition television (HDTV) is video that has resolution substantially higher than that of traditional television systems (standard-definition television). HDTV has one or two million pixels per frame, roughly five times that of SD (1280 x 720 = 921,600 for 720p, or 1920 x 1080 = 2,073,600 for 1080p). Early HDTV broadcasting used analog techniques, but today HDTV is digitally broadcast using video compression.

See the link below for a video explanation and more details

http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/hdtv.htm


Streaming media and Internet television/ on-demand viewing.


Live streaming, delivering live over the Internet, involves a camera for the media, an encoder to digitize the content, a media publisher, and a content delivery network to distribute and deliver the content.


Internet television (otherwise known as Internet TV, or Online TV) is the digital distribution of television content via the Internet. It should not be confused with Web television - short programs or videos created by a wide variety of companies and individuals, or Internet protocol television (IPTV) - an emerging Internet technology standard for use by television broadcasters. Some Internet television is known as catch-up TV. Internet Television is a general term that covers the delivery of television shows and other video content over the Internet, typically by major traditional television broadcasters. It does not describe a technology used to deliver content (see Internet protocol television). Internet television has become very popular through services such as BBC iPlayr, 4oD, ITV Player (also STV Player and UTV Player) and Demand Five in the United Kingdom


see link for bbc iplayer
http://www.bbc.co.uk/iplayer/ 


Digital recorders
digital recorders allows you to record a television program then watch it at a later date, you can also pause and rewind live television. SKY+ HD box can record up to 60 gigabytes of programing, record entire series via the series link option and record two programs at the same time. The virgin media TIVO box does the same and much more for more information on the TIVO box go on the link.
http://tivo.virginmedia.com/discover 


Pay Per View

Pay-per-view (PPV) provides a service by which a television audience can purchase events to view via private telecast. The broadcaster shows the event at the same time to everyone ordering it (as opposed to video-on-demand systems, which allow viewers to see recorded broadcasts at any time). Events can be purchased using an on-screen guide, an automated telephone system, or through a live customer service representative. Events often include feature films, sporting events and entertainment.Sky in the UK have the channel SkyBoxOffice for their pay per view options.



Film Based

CGI

CGI is new technology used in films, tv programs and in adverts, it uses 3d and or 2d graphics to create special effects. cgi is used to create images, environments, scenes and virtual worlds that cant be created without the use of cgi. cgi is used in both animated and non-animated films.



this video tell you in detail how cgi and 3d animation works.  



Regulation of the media sector

British Video Association

The British Video Association is the trade body that represents the interests of publishers and rights owners of video entertainment.
Film Distributors Association
Film Distributors' Association, is the trade body for theatrical film distributors in the UK - the companies that release films for UK  cinema audiences
Video Standards Council (VSC)
A non-profit making body to develop and oversee a code of practice to promote high standerds in the media industry.
Trading Standards Central
 The Trading Standards Institute is a professional membership association formed in 1881. It represents trading standards professionals in the UK and overseas - in local authorities, the business and consumer sectors and in central government.It exists to promote and protect the success of a modern vibrant economy, and to safeguard the health, safety and wellbeing of citizens. 
Press Complaints Commission (PCC)
The PCC is an independent body which administers the system of self-regulation for the press. It does so primarily by dealing with complaints, framed within the terms of the Editors' Code of Practice, about the editorial content of newspapers and magazines and the conduct of journalists.
Advertising Standards Authority (ASA)
make sure all advertisements are legal, decent, honest and truthful.
The Mobile Entertainment Forum (MEF)
MEF is the global community for mobile content and commerce. It is the leading trade organisation for companies wishing to monetize their goods, services and digital products via the mobile connected device
The Independent Games Developers Association (IGDA)
The International Game Developers Association is the largest non-profit membership organization serving individuals who create video games. they bring together developers at conferences, in local chapters and in special interest groups to improve their lives and craft
British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA)
BAFTA is the leading independent charity supporting, developing and promoting the art forms of the moving image in the UK - from Film and Television to Video Games and Interactive Media.
Commercial Radio Companies Association (CRCA)
The Commercial Radio Companies Association is the trade body for UK commercial radio. It represents commercial radio to Government, the Radio Authority, copyright societies and other organisations concerned with radio.
The International Visual Communication Association (IVCA)
The Association aims to be a centre of excellence for best communication practice and works with production companies, freelancers, support service providers and clients of the industry to represent their interests and help maximize their competitiveness and professionalism.
Worldwide Web Consortium (W3C)
The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) is an international community where Member organizations, a full-time staff, and the public work together to develop Web standards.W3C's mission is to lead the Web to its full potential.
British Interactive Multimedia Association (BIMA)
  • Support and promote the British digital industry
  • Share knowledge and best practice
  • Reward great work and encourage the next generation


Representation
The action of speaking or acting on behalf of someone or the state of being so represented.
Ofcom
ofcom is an approved regulator for the broadcasting and telecommunication industries fro the UK.

BBFC
is the organisation responsible for giving an age classification for all film, TV shows, games and TV adverts  

Paramount Pictures

Paramount Pictures Corporation is a global producer and distributor of filmed entertainment, with robust and multi-faceted divisions across all areas including digital, home entertainment, network and cable television distribution, studio operations, and consumer products and recreation.  A unit of the leading global entertainment content company, Viacom, Paramount is part of a family of prominent and respected brands including MTV Networks and BET Networks
History
Paramount pictures started off as Famous Players Film Company in 1912 with Adolph Zukor as there founder, four years later Famous players merged with The Jesse L. Lasky Company to form Famous Players-Lasky Corporation. In 1927/1928 Famous Players-Lasky Corporation win its first Oscar with Wings at the same time they changed there name to Paramount-Famous Lasky Corporation. Three years later, because of the importance of the Publix theater chain, it was later known as Paramount-Publix Corporation. In 1936 they changed there name to paramount pictures, inc. in the 1980’s paramount started making what would be some of the biggest franchise’s ever with Star Trek, Friday the 13th and Indiana Jones. 14 year later paramount was took over by Viacom then in 1997 paramount pictures made the blockbuster Titanic. Paramount is still currently making amazing films.      

Film Founding

Government grants
A number of governments run programs to subsidise the cost of producing films. UK Film Council provides funding to producers provided certain conditions are met. Governments will provide money to film company’s because they can sometimes benefit from it. E.G. a film set in England will advertise the country to the rest of the world.
The amount of money you get will depend on the potential of a film and who is in it. 
Tax Schemes
Schemes are created which effectively sell the enhanced tax deductions to wealthy individuals with large tax liabilities. The individuals pay the producer a fee in order to obtain the tax deductions. E.G. people that get £100,000 a month will have to pay 50 per cent of it in tax, so what they do is they give money to producers, charities and other companies so the monthly income goes down so they won’t have to pay as much tax. 
Debt finance
Pre-Sales = Pre-sales is, based on the script and cast, selling the right to distribute a film in different territories before the film is produced. This is the primary means of film financing
Television Pre-Sales = When the producer sell the film rights to television company’s and use the money to pay for the production.
Equity Financing

The TV program Dragons den is a good way to show equity finance, someone will pitch an idea and then if the Dragons think it is good enough and they can get money out of it they Will give money for a percentage of the product it also depends on the potential of the film if they don’t think it has that much potential they might not give as much money. 
Product placement financing
Product Placement is where a company will pay a film producer money so they will advertise there product in the producers film. E.G. In a film called Wayne’s world companies like pizza hut, rebook and Pepsi have paid to have there product advertised.
Other ways of funding are:
*        British Tax Shelters
*        Negative pick up deal
*        Hedge-Fund financing

Television Founding


Advertising (TV): when you show a product on TV in-between shows. Companies will give broadcaster money to advertise their product. The cost will depend on when the advertisement is shown.
Syndication: the selling of a program to another broadcaster.EG BBC sell top gear to other broadcasters so this mean the BBC has more money to make Top Gear even better.
Sponsoring: when a company will give broadcasters money to advertise a product before and after a program.
Merchandising: when a broadcaster makes products to sell outside of TV like:
·         DVD
·         Book
·         Magazines
·         Clothes  
Competitions / Phone in: On some programs like X Factor they will have a public vote where the public vote to keep the people they like in the program. They will charge something like a £1 per vote and then millions of people all over the country will vote which them means The X Factor makes lots of money. They also have competitions where they ask an easy question and make you ring in to give an answer, which also makes them a lot of money.
Product Placement: this is where companies will give broadcasters money to advertise products in programs. EG in all James Bond movies, James Bond is driving an Aston Martin. Aston Martin will give the makers of James Bond money so they show their car in James Bond movies.
Subscriptions: this is where you have to pay to view certain channels. The cost is a monthly amount that depends on what channels you want. E.G. the reason sky is so successful is because they buy the rights for the premier league, and because people want to watch the premier league they will pay stupid prices to do so.     


BBC


The BBC is a British public service cross-media broadcaster; it is the biggest broadcaster in the world with over 23,000 members of staff.  The BBC has to broadcast to the UK mainland, Channel Islands and Isle of Man.  The BBC has a duty to make programs that everyone likes and they also all have to be made in HD, as everyone pays the television license. The BBC also has to broadcast radio and has over 7 radio stations.
The BBC founded of the license fee, the license fee is an annual amount of £145.50 which is given to the BBC so they can make programs. There is strictly no advertising on the BBC as it can be classed as being biased. Also the BBC is allowed to be biased as it is a government run company.
I think that having a license fee is a good thing, because it gives the BBC the money to make top quality British programming. It also makes a lot more jobs available for cameramen, actors and other jobs to do with filming. But also on the other side, TV stations live the ITV make programs that are just as good and they are free so is it really worth paying a license fee for TV that isn’t even as good as one of its free rivals?       
BBC ONE = is for mixed genre television service, they offer high quality programs.
BBC TWO = is for mainly adults offering informative programs. They also so show comedy and modern arts programs.
BBC THREE = is for the younger generation offering mixed-genre schedule of innovative UK content featuring new UK talent.
BBC FOUR = is a mixed-genre television channel for all adults, offering an ambitious range of intellectually and culturally enriching programs
CBBC = offers programs for kids aged 6-12
CBEEBIES = offers programs for kids ages 6 and under.
BBC NEWS = shows all the latest news 24 hours a day
BBC PARLIAMENT = shows parliament debates 

EA

Electronic arts (EA) are a multinational stand alone public company, its founder was Trip Hawkins and it was founded in 1982. It operates all over the world with game studios in Europe, America, South America, Asia and others. EA has four main labels, EA Games which covers action, adventure, role play, racing and combat games. EA Sports with makes sports games like FIFA Football, NFL Madden, Fight Night (boxing), NBA Live, NHL hockey and many more. EA Play make life simulation games like The Sims, and finally EA Interactive which converts all EA games so they can be available for mobiles. EA makes games for all game platforms such as XBOX, XBOX 360 Play station 1, 2 and 3. It makes games for Nintendo DS and WII. It also makes games for Microsoft Windows.
EA gets a lot of criticism for buying already successful games and then sometimes making them worse. This is because EA has so much going on because they are doing so many different games they don’t have time for everything. So EA gets criticism for making money.